Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effects of Geometric Appendance Elements on Energy Dissipation over Stepped Spillway

In the stepped spillway, steps, by providing an artificial roughening bed, dissipate flow of energy more than other types spillways, so construction costs for stilling basin are reduced. However, what is important in this type spillway increasing effectiveness steps rate dissipation. The present study deals with experimental and numerical simulations regarding influence geometric appendance elements on its impact dissipation performances, patterns properties, turbulent kinetic energy, resistance Darcy roughness. localization inception point air entrainment also assessed. To aim, different configurations taken into account. computational procedure validated results then used to test hydraulic behavior configurations. showed that increased (TKE) values Darcy–Weisbach friction significantly. By reducing height elements, TKE value increase With step, locations a positioning further upstream flat step spillway.